抗禽流感iRNA提取及其部分免疫活性的研究

为了比较不同方法抽提抗禽流感iRNA的含量、纯度,以及了解iRNA对小鼠的免疫活性,本研究就抗禽流感iRNA提取及其部分免疫活性进行了研究。结果表明:酚-氯仿抽提与Trizol reagent试剂盒抽提的效果差异不显著,所得到的iRNA含量和纯度较高,而冷热酚法抽提的效果则明显不及酚-氯仿法与Trizol reagent试剂盒;小白鼠腹腔注射提取的iRNA制剂,小白鼠生长良好,10 d内未见小白鼠有死亡,由此说明iRNA对小白鼠是安全的;禽流感HI试验及ELISA试剂盒检测iRNA免疫小白鼠血清抗体,结果为阴性,由此说明抽提的iRNA不能诱导机体产生体液免疫。     

Genome evolution of novel influenza A （H1N1 ） viruses in humans

The epidemic situation of A H1N1 flu arose in North America in April 2009, which rapidly expanded to three continents of Europe, Asia and Africa, with the risk ranking up to 5. Until May 13th, the flu virus of A H1N1 had spread into 33 countries and regions, with a laboratory confirmed case number of 5728, including 61 deaths. Based on IRV and EpiFluDB database, 425 parts of A H1N1 flu virus sequence were achieved, followed by sequenced comparison and evolution analysis. The results showed that the current predominant A H1N1 flu virus was a kind of triple reassortment A flu virus： （i） HA, NA, MP, NP and NS originated from swine influenza virus; PB2 and PA originated from bird influenza virus; PB1 originated from human influenza virus. （ii） The origin of swine influenza virus could be subdivided as follows： HA, NP and NS originated from classic swine influenza virus of H1N1 subtype; NA and MP originated from bird origin swine influenza virus of H1N1 subtype. （iii） A H1N1 flu virus experienced no significant mutation during the epidemic spread, accompanied with no reassortment of the virus genome. In the paper, the region of the representative strains for sequence analysis （A/California/04/2009 （H1N1） and A/Mexico/4486/2009 （H1N1）） included USA and Mexico and was relatively wide, which suggested that the analysis results were convincing.     

禽流感及其对经济社会影响的研究综述

综述了近年来国内外关于禽流感的发生与传播、社会经济影响及其风险评估方法研究进展.从野鸟、家鸭、水稻种植及交通贸易等角度归纳总结了各因素与禽流感发生及传播的关系,分析总结了禽流感发生造成的社会经济影响,探讨了基于这些影响下的风险评估方法.对已有研究,在研究方法、研究对象和研究范围等方面探讨了存在的问题及不足,展望了今后禽流感及其对经济社会影响的研究重点.     

Orisin and future distribution of the new A （H 1N1 ） influenza virus emerging in North America in 2009

The origin of the new A （H1N1） influenza virus recently emerging in North America is a hot controversial topic of significance in disease control and risk assessment. Some experts claimed that it was an unusually mongrelized mix of human, avian and swine influenza viruses, while some others concluded that it was totally a simple re-assortment hybrid of two lineages of swine influenza viruses. Here the phylogenetic diversity of the viral PB1, PA and PB2 gene sequences using online web servers, and the results suggest that all the 8 genetic segments of the new virus were possibly from two lineages of swine influenza viruses, and one of the lineage was a mongrelized mix of human, avian and swine influenza viruses emerging in the world approximately 10 years ago. Considering the recent epidemiological trends of the new virus, we believe it will spread more widely in the world and persist long in human populations. It also could spread among swine populations. The future wide spreading of the new virus may coincide the disappearance of a subtype of previous human influenza A virus.     

2009年北京市甲型H1N1流行的气象因子与时空传播风险

 2009年8月初,甲型H1N1逐步在北京市本地人群中大范围传播扩散。实验室检测表明,甲型H1N1阳性病例占流感样病例的比例（从0.0086到0.7035）呈逐步上升趋势。本研究利用相关性统计分析方法,探索了2009年8月3日—11月8日甲型H1N1阳性率和4个气象因子（气温、相对湿度、降水量、风速）之间的关联关系。结果表明,甲型H1N1阳性率与气温的相关系数为-0.9458（P<0.05）,甲型H1N1阳性率与相对湿度的相关系数为-0.4581（P<0.1）,干冷环境下的甲型H1N1阳性率显著偏高。本研究构建了利用气温和相关湿度估算甲型H1N1阳性率的逻辑斯谛模型,反演得到了北京市每个区县每天的甲型H1N1阳性率,分析了北京市甲型H1N1流行的时空传播风险。     

甲型流感病毒基质蛋白2家族的跨种属感染和跨亚型变异的统计学证据

从统计学视角分析甲型流感病毒基质蛋白2(M 2)的种属差异和亚型差异。首先,用氨基酸对的可预测性将1129个M 2蛋白质转换成1129标量数据,然后用Ⅰ型ANOVA分析这些数据,寻找是否存在种属和亚型的区别,最后用Ⅱ型ANOVA确定组间和组内的差异,进一步追踪跨种属感染和跨亚型突变的原因。得到3条统计学证据,说明甲型流感病毒可能发生跨种属感染和跨亚型突变,其原因是由于各种属和亚型之间的屏障不够强壮,导致突变易于跨越到其它种属或亚型。     

近百年来全球气候变暖的倾向和甲型流感病毒神经氨酸酶进化的倾向(英文)

用氨基酸对的可预测性量化3874个甲型流感病毒神经氨酸酶,分析其进化趋势,并与近百年来全球气温变化趋势进行比较。结果显示,神经氨酸酶的进化和全球气温的变化有明显的相似趋势,而且这种趋势在一些神经氨酸酶的亚型和不同种属中依然存在。该分析结果是了解全球变暖影响甲型流感病毒进化的第一步。     

退热解毒饮治疗流感高热84例分析

以自拟退热解毒饮治疗流感高热８４例，根据全国防治感冒科研会议制定标准及国家中医药管理局外感高热症制定标准，痊愈６６．６％，有效６％，总有效率９７．６％，关键在于抓住卫气同病这一基本病理变化，辨证用药。     

Virus-immune T cells and the major histocompatibility complex: Evolution of some basic concepts over the past two years

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences -